Blood

“	But the darkest consequence was something my parents never anticipated... The hunger. Blood...had made us reborn, and it was blood that we craved above all else. We could not control it...	”
	— Rebekah on the biggest consequence of Vampirism in Ordinary People

Bottled Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that both delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells and also transports metabolic waste products away from those cells. Immortals, vampires and hybrids need to drink blood to function. If a vampire cannot feed on blood for an extended period of time, they will weaken to the point of desiccation. Blood is also what provides vampiric creatures with their supernatural abilities, such as enhanced strength, speed, agility, senses, healing, and mind control, and as a result, the strength of their abilities can be affected by starvation or extreme blood loss. Most vampires drink human blood, but there are some that choose to exclusively drink animal blood, such as Stefan Salvatore, or vampire blood, such as Mikael. However, animal blood does not provide the same level of nourishment to vampires as human blood does, which is why most vampires won't even consider it unless they have no other option.

Types of Blood

• Human Blood
• Animal Blood
• Vampire Blood
• Doppleganger Blood
• The Cure
• Witch Blood
• Hybrid Blood
• Huntress Blood

Feeding on human blood is the final phase in becoming a vampire after a human has died with a vampire's blood in their system and reawakened in transition afterward. If an individual chooses not to feed and resists human blood, the transition will not be complete and the individual will die permanently within twenty-four hours. (An example of this is Bill Forbes, who died after failing to drink blood to complete his transition in Bringing Out The Dead). However, the urge for human blood is a crucial aspect of life as a vampire— the bloodlust and hunger becomes as constant as breathing, and every individual must learn to adjust to this new lifestyle in order to maintain self-control and to avoid exposure. When a vampire experiences moments of hunger, bloodlust, or any other heightened emotion, their vampiric aspect becomes evident as seen in their facial appearance changes. Their eyes become extremely bloodshot, the veins around them darken and protrude, and their fangs become exposed. The majority of vampires drink human blood. Some choose to consume blood from donation (blood) bags from blood banks as a more ethical way to satisfy their needs, while other vampires feed off of willing or compelled individuals. There are also those who go so far as to feed on their victims until their death, though it has been proven that it is not necessary for a vampire to kill in order to feed --it is simply a skill that takes practice to achieve. Furthermore, animal blood makes a vampire considerably weaker than those who drink that of humans, though the vampire's advanced age may still give them an advantage in a fight. The latter point was demonstrated to be the case when Damon returned to Mystic Falls; he and Stefan immediately engaged in a fight in which Damon easily bested his younger brother because he had embraced his vampiric ways with open arms, while Stefan stuck to a strict animal-only diet because of the guilt he was burdened with from his past. It has also been shown that the blood from witches and werewolves in their human form seems to have the same effect on vampires as human blood, as vampires have been seen to feed on either species with no negative physical effects.

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The effect smelling human blood has on a vampire.

Kelly Donovan's forehead bleeding.

Matt's face bleeding after his fight with Tyler.

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Mr. Tanner, who had recently died from a vampire bite.

Stefan's supply of frozen blood in the fridge

Elena Gilbert shortly after drinking blood for the first time.

Some vampires (such as Stefan Salvatore throughout most of his life) choose to feed on animal blood rather than human blood. Animal blood does not provide the same level of nourishment to vampires as human blood does, and vampires who drink animal blood have decreased strength, decreases speed, decreased healing abilities and a lower tolerance to pain as compared to vampires who feed on human blood. Since it is stated that to complete a transition into a vampire, one must drink human blood, it can be presumed that feeding on animal blood will not suffice to complete the transition into a vampire. This assumption is supported by the fact that there has been no vampire on either series who has completed their transition by feeding on blood from any non-human source.

Vampire blood is necessary in the process of turning a human into a vampire. The human must have vampire blood in their system at the time of their death in order to begin the transition. However, vampire blood cannot turn a human into a vampire if the human is already dead when it is ingested, nor can it be used to heal someone from a fatal wound if they have already died.

Vampire blood also has strong regenerative properties, and when ingested by a human it will heal them of almost any wound and the majority of illnesses within seconds. It was also revealed in Grayson Gilbert's medical journal that he used vampire blood to cure Megan King of a heart condition when she was a child during his tenure in the Augustine Society. Vampire blood cannot cure cancer, however, most likely since it works by increasing the speed at which cells regenerate to heal wounds, whereas cancer cells are biologically immortal (that is to say, they don't die from old age like normal, healthy cells, and cancer cells can only be "killed" by methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, etc). As a result of the physiology of cancer, the exposure of cancer cells to vampire blood creates many problems due to their out-of-control growth.

An exhaustive list of which conditions and illnesses can and cannot be treated/cured by vampire blood is currently unknown. In Dead Man on Campus, Damon injected Wes Maxfield with extremely serious and oftentimes fatal diseases such as rabies and ebola to torture him, and he was later healed with vampire blood with no ill effects shown afterwards. However, both Enzo and Lily Salvatore have stated that they died of consumption, now known as tuberculosis, so whether it can be inferred that there are at least some pathogens that vampire blood cannot cure or whether this is just a case of retroactive continuity has yet to be determined. It has also been shown that vampire blood will have the same regenerative effects if injected directly into the blood stream rather than ingested orally, as evidenced in She's Come Undone, when Caroline Forbes injected her mother with her blood via a syringe when Liz was unable to drink it due to being unconscious, and it still fully healed her injuries. Bill Forbes was also healed with vampire blood using the same method by Dr. Meredith Fell in The Ties That Bind after he was attacked by Tyler Lockwood in his werewolf form.

Vampires can also feed off of the blood of other vampires, as demonstrated by Mikael. However, Mikael implied that it takes time and practice to learn to live on the blood of vampires. Mikael has been known as one of the most powerful vampires in history, if not the most powerful, but it is unknown whether his diet of vampire blood caused his increased ferocity, or if it was simply Mikael's personality combined with the fact that he was a thousand-year-old Original vampire that made him so formidable. Augustine vampires such as Jesse have a natural desire to feed off of vampire blood instead of human blood due to either being conditioned to crave it or by being injected with the "Ripper compound." In the case of Augustine vampires, a diet of vampire blood can actually significantly increase their physical strength, as the newborn vampire Jesse was easily able to overpower Damon Salvatore, who was over 150 years older than him. While werewolves don't require vampire blood to survive, it has been confirmed that werewolves transformed under the full moon do/can/will eat vampires, as they have evolved to hunt vampires as their main prey. 

According to Damon and Stefan, the sharing of blood between vampires is a very intimate and personal experience. 

Anna, a vampire, giving Jeremy some of her blood.

Stefan's hand is cut when Jeremy and Tyler get into a fight.

Human doppelgänger blood was needed in the spell that transformed Mikael and his children into the Original vampires, and was also a required ingredient in the sacrifice ritual necessary to break the Hybrid Curse that was placed on Klaus Mikaelson in the early 11th century. Human doppelgänger blood was also a necessary component for Klaus, the Original hybrid, to turn other triggered werewolves into hybrids. Instead of feeding on regular human blood after awakening during the transition period like vampires have to, these hybrids instead needed feed on human doppelgänger blood. Klaus used Elena's blood to break his curse, and then continued to use it in order to sire his hybrids, including Tyler Lockwood, as he was under the impression that she was the only human doppelgänger in existence. However, after Elena was turned into a vampire, her blood could no longer be used to sire hybrids. The blood of a doppelgänger is also a powerful source of magic for witches to use in spells due to their mystical nature, and their blood has been used on many different occasions in order to serve as a binding agent or a source of power for extremely powerful spells. The Travelers also discovered that the blood of the last two remaining doppelgängers from each bloodline (Stefan from Silas' bloodline, and Elena from Amara's bloodline) can be mixed together to be used to reverse any non-traditional form of magic, such as spirit magic, dark magic, and Expression. The Travelers intended on using their mixed blood to undo the curse put on their people by the witches, which would slowly undo every spell cast using a non-traditional magic source, including the spells that created the Other Side, the werewolf curse/activated lycanthropy, the spell that created the Originals (as well as every single "living" vampire descended from them) and the daylight rings that protect them. 

Examples of Doppelgänger Blood Used for Magical Purposes

• Tatia's blood was used in the adapted version of the Immortality Spell that was used on the Mikaelson family (Mikael, Elijah, Finn, Klaus, Kol, and Rebekah) in order to create the Original vampires.
• Tatia's doppelgänger blood was also used to perform the Hybrid Curse, which was placed on Klaus to keep his werewolf side from manifesting after he triggered his curse shortly after his transformation into a vampire. Elena's blood was used to break this curse over 1,000 years later, as she is a descendant of Tatia and, at the time, was a human doppelgänger.

• Elena's blood was also taken later by Esther, who used her blood to bind a spell which linked all of her children together. Her plan was to cast a spell to make Finn human again, which would make the rest of the siblings human again as well. Then, she planned to kill Finn, which would result in the deaths of all of her children. This plan ultimately failed, because her connection to her source of magic (the entirety of the Bennett bloodline, living and dead) was severed by Abby Bennett Wilson's death and subsequent transformation into a vampire.
• When her first plan failed, Esther used Elena's blood again to turn Alaric Saltzman into an Enhanced Original vampire who would have superior supernatural abilities that would allow him to finally kill her children and the rest of the vampires once and for all.
• Qetsiyah used the blood of progenitor of the female doppelgänger line, Amara, as well as that of two of her shadows (Elena, Katherine, and Amara), to transfer the status of Anchor to the Other Side from Amara to Bonnie Bennett.
• Markos mixed the blood of the final two doppelgängers (Stefan and Elena) to do an experiment, by turning Sloan into a vampire. Then, he had her drink the mixed doppelgänger blood, which stripped away the vampire magic. Unfortunately for her, the blood wasn't a cure for vampirism, it just removed the vampire spell, which was created by witch (spirit) magic. As a result, Sloan was returned to her previous state before becoming a vampire, which was a human who had her throat slit by Markos. Because the magic that reanimated her body was gone, her throat re-slit itself, and Sloan died once again.
• As a result of Markos' experiment on Sloan, the Travelers learned that the curse that was placed on them could be lifted using the mixed blood of the last remaining pair of doppelgängers. This was later accomplished by the Travelers using the last of the mixed doppelgänger blood to cast the Magic Purification Spell over Mystic Falls.

Travelers collecting buckets of blood from the last pair of doppelgängers

Qetsiyah used the blood of the doppelgängers to make Bonnie the Anchor to the Other Side

Amara sucks the cure from Silas' blood.

Once the cure has been ingested, the blood of the human who took it, automatically becomes the cure itself. The blood retains its ability to make a vampire/immortal human. However, one weakness is that the cure can be taken from its host by draining the cure. The cure has been in four bodies so far; firstly, Katherine, Silas, Amara and Elena.

Katerina's Blood

"I had the cure you created running through my veins, and when Silas sucked it out of me, I started aging faster than normal. So basically, I'm dying, and I need you to fix me. You made the cure. Now, make something that stops the aging. Otherwise, no blood for you."

—Katherine explains the side effect of the cure being extracted.

After Katherine was force-fed the cure by Elena, she became human (or, rather, a human Traveler) again. However, the cure remained in her blood. Silas, who desperately wanted to cure himself of his immortality so he could kill himself and reunite with his true love, Amara, in the afterlife, fed on Katherine's blood to the point where she almost died, which cured him of his immortality and returned him to his human witch identity.

Silas' Blood

Once Silas drained Katherine of nearly all of her blood, he was cured of his immortality. As a result of ingesting the cure, Silas' blood then became the cure as well. When Silas realized that Amara was still alive after she has spent a millennium desiccated and hidden as the Anchor to the Other Side, he admitted to her that he had taken the cure to die and be with her. After centuries of torment from feeling every dead supernatural's death as they passed through her to the Other Side, Amara desperately stabbed Silas in the neck with a piece of glass so she could feed on him and cure herself of her own immortality.

Although generally, witch blood contains no adverse properties that differ from human blood, it has many uses throughout the witch community. Specifically, Hope's blood can also act as a potent binding agent and can be used to break complex spells cast by other witches, such as Papa Tunde's salt lined sacrificial boundary spell due to her witch heritage. See below for the specific uses of Witch blood and Blood Magic.

Niklaus Mikaelson's blood

Klaus is the only being in the world whose blood can cure vampire of the lethal effects of a werewolf bite. After a bitten vampire ingests Klaus' blood, he or she is immediately healed of the bite wound "as though it never happened," in Klaus' words. Additionally, Klaus is the only vampire on earth whose blood can turn a werewolf into a hybrid, assuming that he has doppelgänger blood, or the blood of his daughter, in order to complete their transition.

Hope Mikaelson's blood

Hope's blood can be used to turn werewolves into hybrids, it is also required to finish their transition afterward. It can be presumed that her blood can also cure a werewolf/hybrid bite, though it has yet to be demonstrated.

Hope's blood siring Dwayne

Hope's blood breaking Tunde's spell

Rayna Cruz

When Rayna was spelled by the Shamans into becoming The Huntress, the tea of protection provided her near-complete resistance to all forms of non-shamanistic magic. Her blood was also given special properties so that if a witch was to ingest her blood, it would completely suppress the witch's magic. Continued exposure to her blood (for a number of years, on a daily basis), it would eventually poison the witch, ultimately leading to their death.

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Blood Magic

“	Ok… hmm, Blood Magic is not working, so what else is there?	”
	— Vincent Griffith in Kill 'Em All

Qetsiyah using Blood Magic to Transfer the Status of Anchor

Blood Magic is a magical practice that allows a witch to incorporate blood into their magic to strengthen the spell or ritual they are performing. The origins of this practice remain a mystery though it can be traced back to the time of Qetsiyah.

At a basic level, Blood magic can be useful to enhance the abilities of minor spells while at a more devastating extent, can be used to curse, hex or even kill humans and supernatural creatures.

• History
• The Vampire Diaries Series
• The Originals Series
• Spells and Rituals
• Blood Magic & Witches

When Qetsiyah and Silas created the first true Immortals, Nature demanded a balance; a Doppelgänger. Other than witches themselves, with the innate magical properties of the blood, this is the first known creation of Blood Magic.

Throughout the centuries, Witches have utilized blood for a variety of spells ranging from simple locator and linking spells to complicated rituals. The most infamous form of blood magic resides in the creation of vampires; as Esther Mikaelson incorporated Doppelgänger blood into her spell. In order for the spell to be completed, it required for blood to be consumed in order to fully transition into vampires. Having utilized blood magic, it connected the sires of the Original Vampires, creating the sirelines, as it continued to spread as a plague.

In 1994, Sheila Bennett provided the Gemini Coven her blood and the spell to trap Malachai Parker in the 1994 prison world.

In, Before Sunset, Bonnie used blood magic to form a connection among herself, Damon, Stefan and Klaus. Using Dark magic (coupled with sacrificing Jeremy Gilbert) and this blood connection, it made it possible for her stop Klaus' heart and desiccate him.

In, I Alone, Damon gives Liv a vial of Lucy Bennett's blood in order to send them to the 1994 Prison World. In order to bring them back, including Bonnie, Liv gave Damon and Elena a vial of her blood in order to connect them in order to pull them all back to the mortal plane.

In Kill 'Em All, Vincent Griffith mentions the use of blood magic as he and Freya are attempting to heal and cure Cami from Lucien's deadly bite.

Main article: Spells and Rituals

At a more basic level, witches utilize blood as a powerful binding agent. Specifically, blood can be and typically used to track related targets, link to other witches, or channel their power and to heal the wounded.

• Bennett witches are known for their Boundary and Sealing spells as they empower their spells with their blood and magic. This makes breaking these spells nearly impossible to accomplish without the castor (or their blood).
  • The Witch Ayana preserved Esther’s body within a coffin and spelled it shut with a Blood-Knot Sealing Spell that lasted for over a 1000 years. Furthermore, it required 2 generations of witches within the bloodline to unseal, making it one of the most powerful and difficult spells to break.

• Transference spell frequently use blood to bridge the connection between living targets.
  • When the status of Huntress was transferred from Rayna Cruz to Bonnie, Bonnie's blood was necessary to facilitate the spell.

• Linking spells are another spell type that frequently uses blood.
  • Esther used doppelgänger blood to link all of her children together in order to kill them all. The unlinking spell also required the use of each of the individually linked target's blood to break the spell.

More potent forms of blood magic reside in the use of sacrifices to empower spells or when invoking dark magic.

• Dark magic combined with Blood Magic can result in a variety of effects that range from possession to curses and hexes to even resurrection.
  • Greta Martin and Maddox's crude possession spell required the use of Klaus' blood to place his soul into Alaric's body. In contrast, Bonnie and Esther both utilize possession spells without blood to successfully transfer souls between bodies.
  • Davina's dark resurrection spell required the use of blood from two siblings in order to bring back Kol.

• The Travelers utilized blood magic, specifically doppelgänger blood, to tear through The Anchor to resurrect their leader which subsequently lead to the casting of the magic purification spell.

Bennett Blood

Many descendants of the Bennett Family are some of the only witches known to use their blood to perform powerful spells; which in turn requires their blood in order to break their spells. It has also been shown that if one Bennett witch performed a spell using their blood (Magic), another witch in the bloodline is capable to break the spell using their own blood. Binding their blood to spells to ensure that they cannot be broken by any other lineage of witches or can only be accessed by said lineage.

This has been demonstrated numerous times:

• Abby and Bonnie unsealed Esther's coffin to release her preserved body (Sealed by Ayana).
• Both Bonnie and Lucy Bennett's blood could be used to cross dimensions into or out of the Prison Worlds (Sheila provided her blood initially to the Gemini Coven to cast the spell).
• Emily Bennett sealed the Tomb under Fell's Church.
• Lucy Bennett sealed the Vault under the Armory.

Bonnie specifically has been known to incorporate her own blood into her spells to give them more power and/or to connect herself to a target.

• Bonnie Bennett gave Damon, Stefan and Klaus her blood so it would bridge them all together making it possible to stop Alaric's heart when she stopped Jeremy's.

Qetsiyah's Blood

Qetsiyah's blood is a powerful ingredient in spells, due to the immense magical power she possessed when she was alive. While it is currently unknown if she used her blood in any of her spells, Bonnie has used her blood on several occasions.

• Channeling Silas' Headstone, containing her calcified blood, and the expression triangle, she was able to temporarily lower The Veil to the Other Side.
  • Using Qetsiyah's blood, Bonnie was saved from having to wait until the Full Moon, this implies that her blood is at least equivalent to that of a celestial event.
• While Bonnie was trapped in the 1994 Prison World without magic, she traveled back to The Island to that world's version of Silas' headstone in order to channel Qetsiyah's blood as a source of magic. With Qetsiyah's magical blood, the Ascendant, and the combination of a solar eclipse and the Aurora Borealis that resulted from the colliding Prison Worlds, Bonnie was able to portal her way back to the living world in Let Her Go.

Mikaelson Blood

Vincent, under the demand of the Ancestors was able to utilize the blood of a Mikaelson Witch (Freya) as a catalyst to replicate Esther's Immortality spell. This means that Freya and Hope, the only living and active witches, can reverse Esther's original immortality spell. Freya will be critical in the destruction of Lucien as her blood and family magic was used to create him.

Blood Magic Gallery

Esther using doppelgänger blood to link her children

Klaus baby blood breaking Tundes spell

Blood Magic with Lucy Bennett's Blood

Trivia

• Witches can use magic to boil the blood of a being or turn their blood into acid. Neither of these acts are fatal to a vampire or hybrid; however, this would be deadly to humans, which include witches and werewolves.
• Blood Magic is the magical practice that heavily relies on blood as a main component of any given spell.
• While witches typically use blood in their spells, very few witches use their own blood; Bennett Witches are one of the only exceptions.
• Doppelgänger blood is the most potent blood utilized in Blood Magic.
  • The first known use of Doppelgänger blood magic lead to the creation of vampires.
• Witches that perform Locator spells to find humans or supernatural being typically employ blood magic in their spells to find their targets.
  • Witches of New Orleans also use black sand/powder in their locator spells, though when they are desperate to find their target, they typically resort to using blood to strengthen their spell, the most notable occasion was when Dahlia requested to use Klaus' blood to find hope when she could not sense her magic.
  • Using blood magic makes it more difficult to hide from a witch performing the locator spell. This was shown when Bonnie was performing a locator spell to locate Esther, where she was able to fend her off by channeling her death spot.
• Vincent Griffith first named this practice as they could not heal Cami with Lucien's blood.
• When the practice of Blood Magic is couple with creation magic, i.e. the creation of The Hunters and The Huntress, human blood can be magically infused giving it special properties such as abilities being passed down through generations or poisonous blood, respectively.

See also

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